Avaliação do panorama atual da terapia nutricional dentro da unidade de terapia intensiva
Assessment of the current outlook of nutritional therapy within the intensive care unit
Diogo Oliveira Toledo, Melina Gouveia Castro, Lilian Mika Horie, em nome do comitê cientifico da AMIBnet
Resumo
Objetivos: O grau de conhecimento de médicos intensivista sobre temas relacionados à terapia nutricional parece ser deficiente com base na literatura atual. Faz-se necessário analisar as principais lacunas de conhecimento para o planejamento de intervenções que tragam melhora da qualidade da terapia nutricional realizada. O presente estudo consiste na análise do grau de conhecimento de médicos intensivistas sobre temas básicos de terapia nutricional na unidade terapia intensiva (UTI). Método: Estudo prospectivo, observacional, realizado por meio de uma pesquisa disponibilizada online para médicos intensivistas de todo território nacional. Houve 147 respostas. O questionário continha 25 perguntas referentes à terapia nutricional em pacientes críticos. Resultados: A maioria dos respondedores possui uma equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional atuando na UTI. Cerca de 60% dos respondedores desconhecem ou não aplicam nenhuma ferramenta de triagem nutricional. A regra de bolso (25 a 30 kcal/kg) é utilizada em 62,9% dos casos para estimar as necessidades energéticas. A nutrição enteral precoce é realizada em 84% dos pacientes. 64% dos respondedores iniciam nutrição parenteral exclusiva dentro de 3 dias, caso o trato gastrointestinal (TGI) não possa ser utilizado. 56% dos participantes não utilizam nenhuma ferramenta para avaliar o TGI. 15,1% não utilizam indicadores de qualidade relacionados à terapia nutricional. Conclusão: A terapia nutricional dentro da UTI ainda parece ter estratégias subutilizadas. São necessários programas de educação médica na tentativa de sensibilizar os médicos intensivistas quanto à importância da terapia nutricional para doentes em estado crítico.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objectives: The degree of knowledge of intensive care physicians on nutritional therapy-related topics appears to be deficient based on current literature. It is necessary to analyze the main knowledge gaps for the planning of interventions that bring improvement of the quality of nutritional therapy performed. The present study consists of the analysis of the degree of knowledge of intensive care physicians about basic nutritional therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out by means of a survey made available online for intensive care physicians throughout the country. There were 147 respondents to the survey. The questionnaire contained 25 questions regarding nutritional therapy in critically ill patients. Results: Most of the responders have a multidisciplinary nutritional therapy team working in the ICU. About 60% of the respondents are unaware or do not apply any nutritional screening tools. The pocket rule (25 to 30 kcal / kg) is used in 62.9% of the cases to estimate the energy needs. Early enteral nutrition is performed in 84% of patients. 64% of respondents initiate exclusive parenteral nutrition within 3 days if the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can not be used. 56% of the participants do not use any tool to evaluate the GIT. 15.1% do not use quality indicators related to nutritional therapy. Conclusion: Nutritional therapy within the ICU still seems to have underutilized strategies. Medical education programs are needed in an attempt to sensitize intensive care physicians about the importance of nutritional therapy for critically ill patients.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
05/12/2016
Aceito em:
07/02/2017
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