Influência dos fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida no sobrepeso e obesidade em todas as faixas etárias
Influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors in overweight and obesity in all age groups
Raquel Patricia Ataide Lima, Luiza Sonia Rios Asciutti, Maria José de Carvalho Costa
Resumo
Introdução: A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade estão relacionadas a idade, sexo, status socioeconômico envolvendo renda e escolaridade, entre outros fatores de risco relacionados à saúde, incluindo tabagismo atual e o sedentarismo. Objetivo: Este trabalho pretende revisar de forma integrada a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em todas as faixas etárias, apresentando evidências atuais sobre o tema e correlacionando com vários fatores que o influenciam. Método: Para a realização desta revisão bibliográfica, foi feita pesquisa em base de dados do PubMed e Medline. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados das pesquisas analisadas, observou-se que a prevalência de sobrepeso é impactante, independentemente da faixa etária e mais prevalente no sexo feminino. Quanto à influência dos fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida, não existe consenso, sendo necessárias mais pesquisas buscando diminuir a alta prevalência de sobrepeso, para que essa não se transforme em obesidade.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity are related to age, sex, socioeconomic status, income and education among other risk factors related to health, including current smoking and physical inactivity. Objective: This study aims to review an integrated fashion, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in all age groups, presenting the latest evidence on the subject and correlating with several influencing factors. Methods: For this literature review PubMed and Medline databases were used. Conclusions: Based on the results of the studies analyzed, it was observed that the prevalence of overweight is impressive, regardless of age and more prevalent in females range. As for the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle, there is no consensus, and more research is needed to decrease the high prevalence of overweight so this does not become obesity.
Keywords
Referências
1. Guzik TJ, Mangalat D, Korbut R. Adipocytokines - novel link between inflammation and vascular function? J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;57(4):505-28.
2. Terres NG, Pinheiro RT, Horta BL, Pinheiro KAT, Horta LL. Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade em adolescentes. Rev Saúde Pública. 2006;40(4):627-33.
3. Spkeaman JR, Djafarian K, Stewart J, Jackon DM. Assortive mating for obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(2):316-23.
4. Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Danaei G, Lin JK, Paciorek CJ, et al.; Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Body Mass Index). National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9•1 million participants. Lancet. 2011;377(9765):557-67.
5. Dal Grande E, Gill T, Wyatt L, Chittleborough CR, Phillips PJ, Taylor AW. Population attributable risk (PAR) of overweight and obesity on chronic diseases: South Australian representative, cross-sectional data, 2004-2006. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2009;3(3):I-IV.
6. Prince SA, Kristjansson EA, Russell K, Billette JM, Sawada MC, Ali A, et al. Relationships between neighborhoods, physical activity, and obesity: a multilevel analysis of a large Canadian city. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(10):2093-100.
7. Johnson BA, Kremer PJ, Swinburn BA, de Silva-Sanigorski AM. Multilevel analysis of the Be Active Eat Well intervention: environmental and behavioural influences on reductions in child obesity risk. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012;36(7):901-7.
8. Marques-Vidal P, Bovet P, Paccaud F, Chiolero A. Changes of overweight and obesity in the adult Swiss population according to educational level, from 1992 to 2007. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:87.
9. World Health Organization. The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2007.
10. Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, Hong Y, Stern JS, Pi-Sunyer FX, et al.; American Heart Association; Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease from the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2006;113(6):898-918.
11. Ruben AR. Undernutrition and obesity in indigenous children: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009;56(6):1285-302.
12. Dinsa GD, Goryakin Y, Fumagalli E, Suhrcke M. Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing countries: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2012;13(11):1067-79.
13. Fatemeh T, Mohammad-Mehdi HT, Toba K, Afsaneh N, Sharifzadeh G; Student Research committee. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children (2-5 year-olds) in Birjand, Iran. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:529.
14. Valdés Pizarro J, Royo-Bordonada MA. Prevalence of childhood obesity in Spain: National Health Survey 2006-2007. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(1):154-60.
15. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009-2010. NCHS Data Brief. 2012;(82):1-8.
16. Mangrio E, Lindström M, Rosvall M. Early life factors and being overweight at 4 years of age among children in Malmö, Sweden. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:764.
17. Leal VS, Lira PI, Oliveira JS, Menezes RC, Sequeira LA, Arruda Neto MA, et al. Overweight in children and adolescents in Pernambuco State, Brazil: prevalence and determinants. Cad Saúde Pública. 2012;28(6):1175-82.
18. Sjöberg A, Moraeus L, Yngve A, Poortvliet E, Al-Ansari U, Lissner L. Overweight and obesity in a representative sample of schoolchildren - exploring the urban-rural gradient in Sweden. Obes Rev. 2011;12(5):305-14.
19. Behzadnia S, Vahidshahi K, Hamzeh Hosseini S, Anvari S, Ehteshami S. Obesity and related factors in 7-12 year-old elementary school students during 2009-2010 in Sari, Iran. Med Glas (Zenica). 2012;9(1):86-90.
20. Andegiorgish AK, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu X, Zhu H. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and associated risk factors among school children and adolescents in Tianjin, China. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171(4):697-703.
21. Cherian AT, Cherian SS, Subbiah S. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in urban school children in Kerala, India. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49(6):475-7.
22. Guedes DP, Rocha GD, Silva AJ, Carvalhal IM, Coelho EM. Effects of social and environmental determinants on overweight and obesity among Brazilian schoolchildren from a developing region. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2011;30(4):295-302.
23. Gregori D, Foltran F, Ghidina M, Zobec F, Berchialla P. Familial environment in high- and middle-low-income municipalities: a survey in Italy to understand the distribution of potentially obesogenic factors. Public Health. 2012;126(9):731-9.
24. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight fact sheet. 2006. [citado 2012 Out 8]. Disponível em: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html
25. Kumanyika SK, Obarzanek E, Stettler N, Bell R, Field AE, Fortmann SP, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention. Population-based prevention of obesity: the need for comprehensive promotion of healthful eating, physical activity, and energy balance: a scientific statement from American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (formerly the expert panel on population and prevention science). Circulation. 2008;118(4):428-64.
26. Ustu Y, Ugurlu M, Aslan O, Aksoy YM, Kasim I, Egici MT, et al. High prevalence of obesity in Tokat, a northern province of Turkey. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012;62(5):435-40. BRASPEN J 2016; 31 (3): 263-8
27. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Vigitel Brasil 2011: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2012.
28. Andrade FB, Caldas Junior AF, Kitoko PM, Batista JE, Andrade TB. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in elderly people from Vitória-ES, Brazil. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2012;17(3):749-56.
29. Neovius K, Johansson K, Kark M, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F. Trends in self-reported BMI and prevalence of obesity 2002-10 in Stockholm County, Sweden. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(2):312-5.
30. Brasil. Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa de orçamentos familiares 2008-2009. Antropometria e Estado Nutricional de Crianças, adolescentes e adultos no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2010.
31. Mathus-Vliegen EM; Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity. Prevalence, pathophysiology, health consequences and treatment options of obesity in the elderly: a guideline. Obes Facts. 2012;5(3):460-83.
32. Edwards P, Mawani A. Wellness Working Group of the Federal/ Provincial/Territorial Committee of Seniors. Healthy Aging in Canada: A New Vision, A Vital Investment from Evidence to Action. Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006. [citado 2012 Mai 27]. Disponível em: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/seniors-aines/ alt-formats/pdf/publications/pro/healthy-sante/ haging_newvision/vision-rpt_e.pdf
33. Silveira EA, Lopes ACS, Caialfa WT. Avaliação do estado nutricional de idosos. In: Kac G, Sichieri R, Gigante DP, orgs. Epidemiologia nutricional. Rio de Janeiro: Atheneu; 2007. p. 105-25.
34. Silveira EA, Kac G, Barbosa LS. Prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade em idosos residentes em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: classificação da obesidade segundo dois pontos de corte do índice de massa corporal. Cad Saúde Pública. 2009;25(7):1569-77.
35. RIVM. Measuring the Netherlands: a monitoring study of risk factors in the general population 2009-2010. Bilthoven. 2011. [citado 2012 Ago 13]. Disponível em: http://www.nationaalkompas.nl/object_binary/o13231_Nederland-de-MaatGenomen.pdf
36. Sales-Peres SHC, Goya S, Sant’Ana RMF, Silva HM, Sales-Peres AC, Silva RPR, et al. Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade e fatores associados em adolescentes na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo (SP, Brasil). Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2010;15(Suppl.2):3175-84.
37. Loveman E, Frampton GK, Shepherd J, Picot J, Cooper K, Bryant J, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of long-term weight management schemes for adults: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 2011;15(2):1-182.
38. Holanda LGM, Martins MCC, Souza Filho MD, Carvalho CMRG, Assis RC, Leal LMM, et al. Excesso de peso e adiposidade central em adultos de Teresina-PI. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2011;57(1):50-5.
39. Zhang YX, Wang SR. Differences in development and the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in different socioeconomic status districts in Shandong, China. Ann Hum Biol. 2012;39(4):290-6.
40. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010;303(3):235-41.
41. Hajian-Tilaki KO, Heidari B. Association of educational level with risk of obesity and abdominal obesity in Iranian adults. J Public Health (Oxf). 2010;32(2):202-9.
42. Dastgiri S, Mahdavi R, TuTunchi H, Faramarzi E. Prevalence of obesity, food choices and socio-economic status: a crosssectional study in the north-west of Iran. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(8):996-1000.
43. Molarius A. Determinants of relative weight and fat distribution in an international perspective [PhD Thesis]. Rotterdam: Erasmus University; 1999.
44. Baek SI, So WY. Relationship between obesity in Korean adolescents and the frequency of alcohol consumption, the amount of alcohol consumed, and the frequency of severe alcohol intoxication. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2012;6(2):e91-e174.
45. Guilland JC, Costa MJC, Moreau D, Boggio V, Lhuissier M, Fuchs F. Interrelationships of alcohol intake with blood vitamin status in nonalcoholic subjects. Nutr Res. 2006;14(9):1317-30.
46. Wadden TA, Stunkard JA. Handbook of obesity treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 2002. 624 p.
47. Tavassoli AA, Gharipour M, Khosravi A, Kelishadi R, Siadat ZD, Bahonar A, et al. Gender differences in obesogenic behaviour, socioeconomic and metabolic factors in a populationbased sample of Iranians: the IHHP study. J Health Popul Nutr. 2010;28(6):602-9.
48. World Health Organization. Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva; 2008.
49. Associação Brasileira Para o Estudo de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica (Abeso). Diretrizes Brasileiras de Obesidade. São Paulo: Associação Brasileira Para o Estudo de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica; 2009.
50. Dugas LR, Harders R, Merrill S, Ebersole K, Shoham DA, Rush EC, et al. Energy expenditure in adults living in developing compared with industrialized countries: a metaanalysis of doubly labeled water studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(2):427-41.
51. Del Duca GF, Rombaldi AJ, Knuth AG, Azevedo MR, Nahas MV, Hallal PC. Associação entre nível econômico e inatividade física em diferentes domínios. Rev Bras Ativ Fís Saúde. 2009;14(2):123-31.
52. Chaput JP, Klingenberg L, Astrup A, Sjödin AM. Modern sedentary activities promote overconsumption of food in our current obesogenic environment. Obes Rev. 2011;12(5):e12-20.
53. Mbochi RW, Kuria E, Kimiywe J, Ochola S, Steyn NP. Predictors of overweight and obesity in adult women in Nairobi Province, Kenya. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:823.
Submetido em:
07/01/2016
Aceito em:
19/03/2016
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email